III. 詞彙與語言模式
"A wide range of vocabulary; varied and accurate language patterns; able to self-correct; errors that impede communication." — SBA 評分單
本頁是你的詞彙庫 + 句型工具箱。把口語從"足夠"（4 分）提到"廣泛"（5–6 分）。
5 大主題詞庫（每個背 8 個）
🗡️ 野心 / 權力
- ambition — 強烈追求成就
- aspiration — 更正面的野心
- drive — 推動人的內力
- hunger — 幾近肉體的渴望
- obsession — 不健康的執念
- ruthlessness — 不惜傷人去贏
- tyranny — 殘酷絕對統治
- autocracy — 一人獨治
- megalomania — 自大狂
- insatiable — 不能滿足
- unscrupulous — 無道德原則
- machinations — 巧妙陰謀
用於： 麥克白答案。
💔 愛情 / 奉獻
- infatuation — 短期強烈吸引
- devotion — 深沉忠誠之愛
- passion — 強烈浪漫情感
- longing — 痛苦的渴望
- doomed — 註定失敗
- fervent — 熱烈
- ardent — 燃燒般愛
- steadfast — 忠誠不渝
- transcendent — 超越平凡
- fated — 命中註定
- enraptured — 完全被迷住
- soulmate — 完美愛情伴侶
用於： 羅密歐答案。
⚖️ 正義 / 慈悲
- impartial — 公正、無偏私
- lenient — 處罰温和
- compassionate — 憐憫
- retribution — 報應 / 復仇
- equitable — 公平待遇
- arbitrary — 任意 / 不公
- vindication — 被證清白
- clemency — 官方寬恕
- draconian — 極其嚴苛
- conscientious — 憑良知
- adjudicate — 正式裁判
- culpable — 應受責備
用於： 威尼斯答案。
😔 罪疚 / 良知
- remorse — 深切悔意
- conscience — 內在道德聲
- haunted — 受過往困擾
- tormented — 極度折磨
- repentance — 後悔並改正
- culpability — 責任
- anguish — 極痛苦
- moral injury — 做錯事的心理傷
- shame — 痛苦地意識到錯
- contrition — 誠摯遺憾
- disquieted — 心神不安
- purgative — 淨化罪疚
用於： 麥克白，威尼斯也可。
👥 衝突 / 社會
- feud — 長期家族 / 羣體仇
- rivalry — 競爭，常苦
- animosity — 強烈敵意
- betrayal — 信任破壞
- reconciliation — 關係恢復
- prejudice — 不公的預判
- discrimination — 不公對待
- ostracism — 被排斥
- polarisation — 分裂成極端
- strife — 激烈衝突
- schism — 正式分裂
- alienation — 被切離
用於： 羅密歐（家族仇）、威尼斯（偏見）、麥克白（背叛）。
句首升級
每句 "I think" 開頭 → 語言模式分頂 4。混用這些開頭：
| 風格 | 開頭 |
|---|---|
| 個人 | "From my perspective…" |
| 個人 | "Personally, I'd argue…" |
| 反思 | "What strikes me is…" |
| 反思 | "It seems to me that…" |
| 緩和 | "It could be argued that…" |
| 緩和 | "To some extent…" |
| 緩和 | "Perhaps…" |
| 對比 | "On the other hand…" |
| 對比 | "Conversely…" |
| 對比 | "That said…" |
| 因果 | "Because of this…" |
| 因果 | "Consequently…" |
| 加 | "Furthermore…" |
| 加 | "What's more…" |
| 結 | "In other words…" |
| 結 | "Ultimately…" |
練習： 出聲讀 範例答案，注意開頭每 2–3 句換。模仿節奏。
緩和語工具箱（成熟不武斷）
強硬陳述無緩和易顯幼稚。緩和顯思慮：
| 直陳 | 緩和版 |
|---|---|
| "Macbeth is evil." | "Macbeth becomes evil — though perhaps less from nature and more from his decisions." |
| "Romeo's love is real." | "Romeo's love may seem impulsive, but arguably it's real enough that he dies for it." |
| "Shylock is a victim." | "Shylock is at least partly a victim — the play doesn't quite let us decide either way." |
緩和詞：perhaps, arguably, it seems, may, might, could, to some extent, in part, partly, somewhat。
多樣句型
1. 簡單句
"Macbeth chose to act." 主+謂+賓。簡、清。
2. 並列句
"Macbeth chose to act, and Banquo chose to stay loyal." 兩簡單句用 and / but / or / so / yet 連。
3. 複合句（從句）
"Although the witches predicted Macbeth's rise, he still chose the murder." 用 although, because, while, when, if, since, even though。
4. "If" 條件
"If the messenger had arrived on time, Romeo would still be alive." "改編結局"題強力。
5. 強調句
"What strikes me is the way Lady Macbeth's strength collapses." "It is Portia, not the law, that saves Antonio."
6. 倒裝（高分招）
"Not only does Macbeth kill Duncan, but he also kills Banquo and Macduff's family." "Never does Shakespeare let us see the witches as fully neutral."
每個 P.E.E.L 至少 2 種不同結構。多樣 = 高語言模式分。
"自我修正"加分
評分單獎勵注意並修自己的錯。練説：
- "She — sorry, he — was the one who…"
- "I meant to say 'remorse', not 'sad'."
- "Let me rephrase: what I mean is…"
- "Actually, that's not quite right — on P.4 it's…"
別為英文道歉。實時修。高分信號。
替 "very" 的詞
"very" 平。換：
| 不用 | 用 |
|---|---|
| very angry | furious, livid, enraged |
| very sad | devastated, heartbroken, distraught |
| very bad | appalling, atrocious, abhorrent |
| very good | excellent, exceptional, remarkable |
| very tired | exhausted, drained, weary |
| very important | crucial, pivotal, vital |
| very interesting | compelling, fascinating, riveting |
| very surprising | astonishing, startling, extraordinary |
| very hard | rigorous, demanding, arduous |
| very clear | unmistakable, evident, manifest |
替 "thing" / "stuff" 的詞
| 不用 | 用 |
|---|---|
| this thing | this issue / this matter / this dynamic |
| something / stuff like that | such matters / things of this nature / similar examples |
| the thing is | the key point is / what matters here is |
強力動詞（替弱的）
| 弱 | 強 |
|---|---|
| show | reveal, expose, demonstrate, illustrate |
| say | argue, claim, suggest, contend, assert |
| make | construct, create, generate, establish |
| change | transform, alter, reshape, reframe |
| use | employ, utilise, deploy, harness |
| think | believe, contend, suppose, reason |
| do | perform, execute, undertake, achieve |
| get | obtain, acquire, secure, gain |
| see | observe, witness, perceive, notice |
訓練： 改寫這句，用 3 個升級： "Macbeth showed that ambition makes you do bad things."
升級版： "Macbeth reveals that unchecked ambition drives us to commit atrocities we would normally condemn."
10 個"流暢短語"
腦半空時，買你一句的時間：
- "It's worth considering whether…"
- "One way to look at this is…"
- "Another angle would be that…"
- "The deeper question here might be…"
- "What's interesting is the way Shakespeare…"
- "If we take a step back, we can see that…"
- "Underneath the plot, the story is really about…"
- "This connects to a wider point about…"
- "The reason this still matters is that…"
- "At the heart of it, the play asks us whether…"
記 3 個。壓力下用來撐你想下一步。
實時修常見錯
| 常見香港英語錯 | 標準 |
|---|---|
| "He don't like" | "He doesn't like" |
| "Last time I read"（過去） | "The last time I read" / "When I first read" |
| "Most of the people" | "Most people" |
| "Discuss about" | "Discuss"（無介詞） |
| "Married with" | "Married to" |
| "Open the light" | "Turn on the light" |
| "Until now"（=至今仍） | "So far" |
句中發現 → 出聲修 → 正面信號。
連接詞（粘句子）
| 功能 | 詞 |
|---|---|
| 加 | also, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what's more |
| 反 | however, on the other hand, conversely, nevertheless, yet |
| 因 | because, since, as, due to, owing to |
| 果 | therefore, consequently, as a result, hence, thus |
| 例 | for instance, for example, such as, in particular, notably |
| 結 | overall, in conclusion, ultimately, to sum up, all in all |
| 序 | first, next, then, finally, in the end |
| 讓 | admittedly, granted, it's true that, while it's the case that |
每個 P.E.E.L 2–3 個連接詞 → 顯得有組織。
每個答案的"購物清單"
練習答案前，列 5 個強力詞。説時勾掉。麥克白答案例：
- [ ] ambition
- [ ] catalyst
- [ ] remorse
- [ ] unchecked
- [ ] consequence
中 4/5 → 5+ 分。5/5 → 6 分。
30 秒自查
- [ ] 用了 5+ 主題詞？
- [ ] 句首變化（非全 "I think"）？
- [ ] 2+ 種結構？
- [ ] 避用或替換 "very"、"thing"、"stuff"？
- [ ] 實時自修 1+ 錯？
4–5 勾 → 5+ 分。
下一個：IV. 想法與組織。