III. 词汇与语言模式
"A wide range of vocabulary; varied and accurate language patterns; able to self-correct; errors that impede communication." — SBA 评分单
本页是你的词汇库 + 句型工具箱。把口语从"足够"（4 分）提到"广泛"（5–6 分）。
5 大主题词库（每个背 8 个）
🗡️ 野心 / 权力
- ambition — 强烈追求成就
- aspiration — 更正面的野心
- drive — 推动人的内力
- hunger — 几近肉体的渴望
- obsession — 不健康的执念
- ruthlessness — 不惜伤人去赢
- tyranny — 残酷绝对统治
- autocracy — 一人独治
- megalomania — 自大狂
- insatiable — 不能满足
- unscrupulous — 无道德原则
- machinations — 巧妙阴谋
用于： 麦克白答案。
💔 爱情 / 奉献
- infatuation — 短期强烈吸引
- devotion — 深沉忠诚之爱
- passion — 强烈浪漫情感
- longing — 痛苦的渴望
- doomed — 注定失败
- fervent — 热烈
- ardent — 燃烧般爱
- steadfast — 忠诚不渝
- transcendent — 超越平凡
- fated — 命中注定
- enraptured — 完全被迷住
- soulmate — 完美爱情伴侣
用于： 罗密欧答案。
⚖️ 正义 / 慈悲
- impartial — 公正、无偏私
- lenient — 处罚温和
- compassionate — 怜悯
- retribution — 报应 / 复仇
- equitable — 公平待遇
- arbitrary — 任意 / 不公
- vindication — 被证清白
- clemency — 官方宽恕
- draconian — 极其严苛
- conscientious — 凭良知
- adjudicate — 正式裁判
- culpable — 应受责备
用于： 威尼斯答案。
😔 罪疚 / 良知
- remorse — 深切悔意
- conscience — 内在道德声
- haunted — 受过往困扰
- tormented — 极度折磨
- repentance — 后悔并改正
- culpability — 责任
- anguish — 极痛苦
- moral injury — 做错事的心理伤
- shame — 痛苦地意识到错
- contrition — 诚挚遗憾
- disquieted — 心神不安
- purgative — 净化罪疚
用于： 麦克白，威尼斯也可。
👥 冲突 / 社会
- feud — 长期家族 / 群体仇
- rivalry — 竞争，常苦
- animosity — 强烈敌意
- betrayal — 信任破坏
- reconciliation — 关系恢复
- prejudice — 不公的预判
- discrimination — 不公对待
- ostracism — 被排斥
- polarisation — 分裂成极端
- strife — 激烈冲突
- schism — 正式分裂
- alienation — 被切离
用于： 罗密欧（家族仇）、威尼斯（偏见）、麦克白（背叛）。
句首升级
每句 "I think" 开头 → 语言模式分顶 4。混用这些开头：
| 风格 | 开头 |
|---|---|
| 个人 | "From my perspective…" |
| 个人 | "Personally, I'd argue…" |
| 反思 | "What strikes me is…" |
| 反思 | "It seems to me that…" |
| 缓和 | "It could be argued that…" |
| 缓和 | "To some extent…" |
| 缓和 | "Perhaps…" |
| 对比 | "On the other hand…" |
| 对比 | "Conversely…" |
| 对比 | "That said…" |
| 因果 | "Because of this…" |
| 因果 | "Consequently…" |
| 加 | "Furthermore…" |
| 加 | "What's more…" |
| 结 | "In other words…" |
| 结 | "Ultimately…" |
练习： 出声读 范例答案，注意开头每 2–3 句换。模仿节奏。
缓和语工具箱（成熟不武断）
强硬陈述无缓和易显幼稚。缓和显思虑：
| 直陈 | 缓和版 |
|---|---|
| "Macbeth is evil." | "Macbeth becomes evil — though perhaps less from nature and more from his decisions." |
| "Romeo's love is real." | "Romeo's love may seem impulsive, but arguably it's real enough that he dies for it." |
| "Shylock is a victim." | "Shylock is at least partly a victim — the play doesn't quite let us decide either way." |
缓和词：perhaps, arguably, it seems, may, might, could, to some extent, in part, partly, somewhat。
多样句型
1. 简单句
"Macbeth chose to act." 主+谓+宾。简、清。
2. 并列句
"Macbeth chose to act, and Banquo chose to stay loyal." 两简单句用 and / but / or / so / yet 连。
3. 复合句（从句）
"Although the witches predicted Macbeth's rise, he still chose the murder." 用 although, because, while, when, if, since, even though。
4. "If" 条件
"If the messenger had arrived on time, Romeo would still be alive." "改编结局"题强力。
5. 强调句
"What strikes me is the way Lady Macbeth's strength collapses." "It is Portia, not the law, that saves Antonio."
6. 倒装（高分招）
"Not only does Macbeth kill Duncan, but he also kills Banquo and Macduff's family." "Never does Shakespeare let us see the witches as fully neutral."
每个 P.E.E.L 至少 2 种不同结构。多样 = 高语言模式分。
"自我修正"加分
评分单奖励注意并修自己的错。练说：
- "She — sorry, he — was the one who…"
- "I meant to say 'remorse', not 'sad'."
- "Let me rephrase: what I mean is…"
- "Actually, that's not quite right — on P.4 it's…"
别为英文道歉。实时修。高分信号。
替 "very" 的词
"very" 平。换：
| 不用 | 用 |
|---|---|
| very angry | furious, livid, enraged |
| very sad | devastated, heartbroken, distraught |
| very bad | appalling, atrocious, abhorrent |
| very good | excellent, exceptional, remarkable |
| very tired | exhausted, drained, weary |
| very important | crucial, pivotal, vital |
| very interesting | compelling, fascinating, riveting |
| very surprising | astonishing, startling, extraordinary |
| very hard | rigorous, demanding, arduous |
| very clear | unmistakable, evident, manifest |
替 "thing" / "stuff" 的词
| 不用 | 用 |
|---|---|
| this thing | this issue / this matter / this dynamic |
| something / stuff like that | such matters / things of this nature / similar examples |
| the thing is | the key point is / what matters here is |
强力动词（替弱的）
| 弱 | 强 |
|---|---|
| show | reveal, expose, demonstrate, illustrate |
| say | argue, claim, suggest, contend, assert |
| make | construct, create, generate, establish |
| change | transform, alter, reshape, reframe |
| use | employ, utilise, deploy, harness |
| think | believe, contend, suppose, reason |
| do | perform, execute, undertake, achieve |
| get | obtain, acquire, secure, gain |
| see | observe, witness, perceive, notice |
训练： 改写这句，用 3 个升级： "Macbeth showed that ambition makes you do bad things."
升级版： "Macbeth reveals that unchecked ambition drives us to commit atrocities we would normally condemn."
10 个"流畅短语"
脑半空时，买你一句的时间：
- "It's worth considering whether…"
- "One way to look at this is…"
- "Another angle would be that…"
- "The deeper question here might be…"
- "What's interesting is the way Shakespeare…"
- "If we take a step back, we can see that…"
- "Underneath the plot, the story is really about…"
- "This connects to a wider point about…"
- "The reason this still matters is that…"
- "At the heart of it, the play asks us whether…"
记 3 个。压力下用来撑你想下一步。
实时修常见错
| 常见香港英语错 | 标准 |
|---|---|
| "He don't like" | "He doesn't like" |
| "Last time I read"（过去） | "The last time I read" / "When I first read" |
| "Most of the people" | "Most people" |
| "Discuss about" | "Discuss"（无介词） |
| "Married with" | "Married to" |
| "Open the light" | "Turn on the light" |
| "Until now"（=至今仍） | "So far" |
句中发现 → 出声修 → 正面信号。
连接词（粘句子）
| 功能 | 词 |
|---|---|
| 加 | also, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what's more |
| 反 | however, on the other hand, conversely, nevertheless, yet |
| 因 | because, since, as, due to, owing to |
| 果 | therefore, consequently, as a result, hence, thus |
| 例 | for instance, for example, such as, in particular, notably |
| 结 | overall, in conclusion, ultimately, to sum up, all in all |
| 序 | first, next, then, finally, in the end |
| 让 | admittedly, granted, it's true that, while it's the case that |
每个 P.E.E.L 2–3 个连接词 → 显得有组织。
每个答案的"购物清单"
练习答案前，列 5 个强力词。说时勾掉。麦克白答案例：
- [ ] ambition
- [ ] catalyst
- [ ] remorse
- [ ] unchecked
- [ ] consequence
中 4/5 → 5+ 分。5/5 → 6 分。
30 秒自查
- [ ] 用了 5+ 主题词？
- [ ] 句首变化（非全 "I think"）？
- [ ] 2+ 种结构？
- [ ] 避用或替换 "very"、"thing"、"stuff"？
- [ ] 实时自修 1+ 错？
4–5 勾 → 5+ 分。
下一个：IV. 想法与组织。